Hearing Loss and Tinnitus: Sensorineural hearing loss is often accompanied by tinnitus. Researchers believe that subjective tinnitus cannot exist without some prior damage to the auditory system. The underlying hearing loss can be the result of:
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Age-related hearing loss: This is when hearing deteriorates as people get older. It usually start around age 60. This type of hearing loss is often in both ears. It involves the sensory loss of high-frequency sounds. Tinnitus in seniors is prevalent due to age-related hearing loss.
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Noise-induced hearing loss: Noise induced hearing loss is sometimes in one ear only and typically causes a person to lose hearing around the frequency of the triggering sound trauma. Exposure to loud noises in a single traumatic experience or over time can damage the auditory system and result in hearing loss and sometimes tinnitus as well. Traumatic noise exposure can happen at work such as working with loud machinery. It can also happen at loud sporting events, concerts, or recreational activities. An accident such as a backfiring engine can cause damage. Noise induced hearing loss is sometimes one ear only and causes patients to lose hearing around the frequency of the triggering sound trauma.
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Hearing Loss Perception: An existing hearing loss is sometimes not directly observable by the person. They may not perceive any lost frequencies, but the damage has not been done. A trained audiologist or other hearing health professional can perform sensitive audiometric tests to precisely measure the true extent of hearing loss.
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Brain Changes With Hearing Loss: Certain sound frequencies leads to specific changes in how the brain processes sound. As the brain receives less external stimuli around a specific frequency, it begins to adapt and change. Some researchers believe that tinnitus may be the brain’s way of filling in the missing sound frequencies it no longer receives from the auditory system.
Head and Neck Trauma and Tinnitus
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Severe injury to the head or neck can cause nerve, blood flow, and muscle issues that result in the perception of tinnitus. Those who began their condition after head and neck trauma often report higher tinnitus volume and perceived burden, as well as greater variability in both sound, frequency and location of their tinnitus.
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Tinnitus related to head, neck or dental issues is sometimes referred to as somatic tinnitus.
Obstructions in the Middle Ear and Tinnitus
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Blockages: Blockages in the ear canal can cause pressure to build up in the inner ear, affecting the operation of the ear drum. Objects directly touching the ear drum can irritate the organ and cause the perception of tinnitus symptoms. In many cases, the removal of the blockage will remove tinnitus symptoms. In some situations, the blockage may have caused permanent damage that leads to chronic tinnitus. Common obstructions include:
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Excessive ear wax
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Head congestion
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Loose hair from the ear canal
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Dirt or foreign objects
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Sinus Pressure and Barometric Trauma and Tinnitus
- Nasal congestion from a severe cold, flu, or sinus infection can create abnormal pressure in the middle ear, impacting normal hearing and causing tinnitus symptoms.
- Acute barotrauma which is caused by extreme or rapid changes in air or water pressure can also damage the middle and inner ear.
- Potential sources of barotrauma include:
- Concussive explosive blasts
- Diving / Snorkeling / Scuba
- Flying (only during extreme, abnormal elevation changes, not normal commercial air travel)
Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMJ) and Tinnitus
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Temperomandibular joint disorder (TMJ) can be associated with tinnitus. TMJ occurs where the lower jaw connects to the skull, in front of the ears. Damage to the muscles, ligaments, or cartilage in the TMJ can lead to tinnitus symptoms. This joint, the TMJ, is adjacent to the auditory system and shares some of the ligaments and nerve connections with structures in the middle ear.
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Those with a TMJ disorder may experience pain in the face and/or jaw, limited ability to move the jaw, and regular popping sounds while chewing or talking. A dentist, craniofacial surgeon, or other oral health professional can diagnose and often fix TMJ issues. Fixing the TMJ disorder will often stop the tinnitus symptoms.
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and Tinnitus
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Traumatic Brain Injury, caused by concussive shock, can damage the brain’s auditory processing areas and generate tinnitus symptoms. TBI is the major reason for tinnitus in military and veteran populations. Nearly 60% of all tinnitus cases diagnosed by the U.S. Veterans Administration are attributable to mild-to-severe traumatic brain injuries.